Review Article

Monoclonal Antibodies: A New Era in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and The Future of Developing New Technique for Treat Neurological Disorders

Saif sultan Alsahli, Awid mshain Almutiry, Obaid faris Aldossari, Nada abdullah Alotaibi, Albandari saad Almutairi, Nasser hamad Alessa, Abdulrahman ibraihm Alzmael, Mohammed abdullah Alsugairan, Ali saeed Aldossari, Abdullah mansour Alzaid, Abrar Alasmari.

Author Information

Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Nursing Department, Primary health care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Dirab, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Health Assistant Department, Primary health care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Dirab, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Medical Record Department, Primary health care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Dirab, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Address for correspondence: Abrar Alasmari. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Email: Abrar.alasmari@outlook.com

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

American Journal of Molecular Signaling

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the CNS characterized by demye-lination and neurodegeneration of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. It frequently results in cognitive and physical disability. While the precise etiology of multiple sclerosis remains uncer-tain. MS sufferers in affluent nations have seen a decline in mortality and an increase in life ex-pectancy in recent decades. But at the same time, MS is becoming more common, at least in women. There are numerous distinct phenotypes, or subtypes, of multiple sclerosis. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a diagnosis made for around 85% of patients initially; during an acute clinical exacerbation of new or worsening symptoms, the patient's symptoms either completely or partially resolve over a period of days to weeks. Several pathological aspects can be involved in the development of MS including Immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS), Innate immune response: microglia and monocytes and glutamate excitotoxicity. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have the special ability to eliminate important immunological players that adversely affect the central nervous system in MS patients. The development of humanized MABs has significantly lessened this issue. Because of their specificity, they typically have fewer off-target effects and fewer drug-drug interactions, which minimizes their side effects, which typically result from the drugs' own reactions and downstream effects on the immune system. The current study reviews the MAB use in MS treatment and clinical trials lead to authorizing this medication.

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Monoclonal Antibodies; Pathology of multiple sclerosis.