Review Article

Drugs-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and The Molecular Mechanisms Behind Inducing Damage to Peripheral Nervous System

Saif sultan Alsahli, Obaid faris Aldossari, Nada abdullah Alotaibi, Haya mohammed Alqahtani, Fahad sari Alanazi, Tallah Ibrahim Alkiady, Ibrahim abdullah Alsannat, Ali saeed Aldossari, Mohammed abdullah Alduaybi, Mohamad abdullah Altalha, Fares saqer Aldhafeeri, Abrar Alasmari.

Author Information

Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Nursing Department, Primary health care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Dirab, Riyadh, King-dom of Saudi Arabia.

Aviation medicine unit, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Health Information Department, Primary health care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Dirab, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Emergency Medical Services Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Address for correspondence: Abrar Alasmari, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Email: Abrar.alasmari@outlook.com

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

American Journal of Molecular Signaling

Abstract

Drug-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (DIPN) occurs when a chemical substance causes damage to the peripheral nervous system. Potentially irreversible, DIPN causes paresthesia and sensory impairments that usually affect the distribution of gloves and stockings; motor involvement is uncommon. Because of dose-dependent onset, which necessitates the accumulation of neuro-toxins to reach peak concentrations in the bloodstream, the onset of signs and symptoms typically takes weeks to months. Via a number of different pathways, the neurotoxins can alter and impact glial cells as well as peripheral neurons. Similar to a demyelinating process, axonal distal degeneration happens as neurotoxic levels rise. Though DIPN only makes up 4% of all neuropathies, DIPN modification, organelle destruction, intracellular inflammatory signaling, axonal transport abnormalities, and channelopathies occur in 60% of patients receiving chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathies have been categorized based on their clinical features since the end of the nine-tenth century, which has over time given rise to the following possibilities: the involvement can be either symmetrical (polyneuropathy) or asymmetrical (mononeuropathy and multiple mononeuropathy), affecting mainly the cell bodies (neuronopathy) or including nerve roots (polyradiculoneuropathy). The pathophysiology of some drug-induced neuropathies has been made clearer by experimental research; the fundamental processes are still mostly unknown. However, this article will review the molecular mechanism of common drugs that has the ability to induce peripheral neuropathy.

Keywords: Drug-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Pathology of Neuropathy; Neuropathy.